About October 16
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October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 76 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 456 – Magister militum Ricimer defeats Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.
- 1780 – Royalton, Vermont and Tunbridge, Vermont are the last major raids of the American Revolutionary War.
- 1781 – George Washington captures Yorktown, Virginia after the Siege of Yorktown.
- 1793 – Marie Antoinette, wife of Louis XVI, is guillotined at the height of the French Revolution.
- 1793 – The Battle of Wattignies ends in a French victory.
- 1813 – The Sixth Coalition attacks Napoleon Bonaparte in the Battle of Leipzig.
- 1834 – Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London is burnt to the ground.
- 1841 – Queen's University is founded in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
- 1843 – Sir William Rowan Hamilton comes up with the idea of quaternions, a non-commutative extension of complex numbers.
- 1859 – John Brown leads a raid on Harper's Ferry, West Virginia.
- 1869 – The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, is discovered.
- 1869 – Girton College, Cambridge is founded, becoming England's first residential college for women.
- 1875 – Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.
- 1882 – The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.
- 1905 – The Partition of Bengal in India takes place.
- 1906 – The Captain of Köpenick fools the city hall of Köpenick and several soldiers by impersonating a Prussian officer.
- 1916 – Margaret Sanger founds Planned Parenthood by opening the first U.S. birth control clinic.
- 1923 – The Walt Disney Company is founded by Walt Disney and his brother, Roy Disney.
- 1934 – Chinese Communists begin the Long March; it ended a year and four days later, by which time Mao Zedong had regained his title as party chairman.
- 1939 – World War II: First attack on British territory by the German Luftwaffe.
- 1940 – Benjamin O. Davis Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.
- 1940 – Holocaust: The Warsaw Ghetto is established.
- 1945 – The Food and Agriculture Organization is founded in Quebec City, Canada.
- 1946 – Nuremberg Trials: Execution of the convicted Nazi leaders of the Main Trial.
- 1949 – Nikolaos Zachariadis, leader of the Communist Party of Greece, announces a "temporary cease-fire", effectively ending the Greek Civil War.
- 1949 – The diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic are established.
- 1951 – The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, is assassinated in Rawalpindi.
- 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis between the United States and Cuba begins.
- 1964 – The People's Republic of China detonates its first nuclear weapon; Soviet leaders Leonid Brezhnev and Aleksey Kosygin are inaugurated as General Secretary of the CPSU and Premier, respectively, after Nikita Khrushchev is deposed in a bloodless coup on October 14.
- 1968 – United States athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos are kicked off the USA's team for participating in the 1968 Olympics Black Power salute.
- 1968 – Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the Rodney Riots, inspired by the barring of Walter Rodney from the country.
- 1970 – In response to the October Crisis terrorist kidnapping, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau of Canada invokes the War Measures Act.
- 1973 – Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1975 – The Balibo Five, a group of Australian television journalists based in the town of Balibo in the then Portuguese Timor (now East Timor), are killed by Indonesian troops.
- 1975 – Rahima Banu, a 2-year old girl from the village of Kuralia in Bangladesh, is the last known person to be infected with naturally occurring smallpox.
- 1978 – Pope John Paul II is elected after the October 1978 Papal conclave.
- 1984 – Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1987 – Great Storm of 1987: Hurricane force winds hit much of the South of England killing 23 people.
- 1991 – Luby's massacre: George Hennard runs amok in Killeen, Texas, killing 23 and wounding 20 in Luby's Cafeteria.
- 1993 – Anti-Nazi riot breaks out in Welling in Kent, after police stop protesters approaching the British National Party headquarters.
- 1995 – The Million Man March occurs in Washington, D.C.
- 1995 – The Skye Bridge is opened.
- 1996 – Eighty-four people are killed and more than 180 injured as 47,000 football fans attempt to squeeze into the 36,000-seat Estadio Mateo Flores in Guatemala City.
- 1998 – Former Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London on a warrant from Spain requesting his extradition on murder charges.
- 2002 – Bibliotheca Alexandrina in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, a commemoration of the Library of Alexandria that was lost in antiquity, is officially inaugurated.
Births
- 1396 – William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English soldier (d. 1450)
- 1430 – King James II of Scotland (d. 1460)
- 1483 – Gasparo Contarini, Italian diplomat and cardinal (d. 1542)
- 1535 – Niwa Nagahide, Japanese warlord (d. 1585)
- 1663 – Prince Eugene of Savoy, French-born Austrian general (d. 1736)
- 1710 – Andreas Hadik, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1790)
- 1714 – Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (d. 1795)
- 1726 – Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish painter (d. 1801)
- 1751 – Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen of Prussia (d. 1805)
- 1752 – Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian (d. 1827)
- 1754 – Morgan Lewis, Governor of New York (1804-07) (d. 1844)
- 1758 – Noah Webster, American lexicographer (d. 1843)
- 1762 – Paul Hamilton, Governor of South Carolina (1804–06) and U.S. Secretary of Navy (1809–12) (d. 1816)
- 1789 – William Burton, Governor of Delaware (1859–63) (d. 1866)
- 1795 – William Buell Sprague, American clergyman and author (d. 1876)
- 1802 – Isaac Murphy, Governor of Arkansas (1864-68) (d. 1882)
- 1806 – William Pitt Fessenden, U.S. Secretary of Treasury (1864-65) (d. 1869)
- 1815 – Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (d. 1905)
- 1819 – Austin F. Pike, American politician from New Hampshire (d. 1886)
- 1840 – Kuroda Kiyotaka, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1900)
- 1841 – Prince Hirobumi Ito, Japanese governor of Korea (d. 1909)
- 1854 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (d. 1900)
- 1854 – Karl Kautsky, Marxist theoretician (d. 1938)
- 1855 – Samedbey Mehmandarov, Russian general (d. 1931)
- 1861 – J. B. Bury, Irish historian (d. 1927)
- 1863 – Austen Chamberlain, English statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1937)
- 1876 – Jimmy Sinclair, South African cricketer, rugby union and soccer player (d. 1913)
- 1878 – Maxey Long, American athlete (d. 1959)
- 1883 – Vasiliki Maliaros, Greek actress (d. 1973)
- 1884 – Rembrandt Bugatti, Italian sculptor (d. 1916)
- 1886 – David Ben-Gurion, first Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1973)
- 1888 – Eugene O'Neill, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
- 1888 – Paul Popenoe, American activist (d. 1979)
- 1890 – Michael Collins, Irish patriot (d. 1922)
- 1890 – Maria Goretti, Italian saint (d. 1902)
- 1890 – Paul Strand, American photographer (d. 1975)
- 1897 – Louis de Cazenave, French supercentenarian (d. 2008)
- 1898 – William O. Douglas, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1980)
- 1900 – Edward Ardizzone, artist and illustrator (d. 1979)
- 1900 – Primo Conti, Italian painter (d. 1988)
- 1900 – Goose Goslin, American baseball player (d. 1971)
- 1903 – Cecile de Brunhoff, French storyteller (d. 2003)
- 1906 – León Klimovsky, Argentine film director (d. 1996)
- 1908 – Enver Hoxha, Albanian dictator (d. 1985)
- 1914 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, Shah of Afghanistan (d. 2007)
- 1916 – George Turner, Australian author (d. 1997)
- 1917 – Alice Pearce, American actress (d. 1966)
- 1918 – Louis Althusser, French Marxist philosopher (d. 1990)
- 1919 – Kathleen Winsor, American writer (d. 2003)
- 1922 – Max Bygraves, English singer/songwriter
- 1922 – Leon Sullivan, American civil rights leader and pastor (d. 2001)
- 1923 – Bert Kaempfert, German orchestra leader and songwriter (d. 1980)
- 1923 – Linda Darnell, American film actress (d. 1965)
- 1925 – Angela Lansbury, English-born actress
- 1927 – Günter Grass, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1928 – Mary Daly, American feminist philosopher and theologian
- 1928 – Ann Morgan Guilbert, American actress
- 1929 – Fernanda Montenegro, Brazilian actress
- 1930 – Carmen Sevilla, Spanish actress
- 1931 – Charles Colson, American Watergate conspirator
- 1931 – Rosa Rosal, Filipino actress and humanitarian
- 1931 – Valery Klimov, Russian violinist
- 1932 – John Grant, British politician (d. 2000)
- 1932 – Henry Lewis, American musician and conductor (d. 1996)
- 1934 – Peter Ashdown, British racing driver
- 1936 – Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (d. 1994)
- 1936 – Akira Machida, Japanese judge
- 1936 – Peter Bowles, English actor
- 1938 – Nico (born Christa Päffgen; singer-songwriter, fashion model, actress) (d. 1988)
- 1938 – Carl Gunter Jr, Louisiana State Representative (d. 1999)
- 1940 – Barry Corbin, American actor
- 1940 – Dave DeBusschere, American basketball player (d. 2003)
- 1940 – Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
- 1941 – Tim McCarver, baseball player and commentator
- 1943 – Fred Turner, Canadian bass player (Bachman-Turner Overdrive)
- 1946 – Suzanne Somers, American actress
- 1947 – Terry Griffiths, Welsh snooker player
- 1947 – Bob Weir, American musician (Grateful Dead)
- 1947 – David Zucker, American film director
- 1948 – Leo Mazzone, American baseball coach
- 1948 – Hema Malini, Indian Actress
- 1952 – Boogie Mosson, American musician (P Funk)
- 1952 – Ron Taylor, American actor (d. 2002)
- 1953 – Paulo Roberto Falcão, Brazilian footballer
- 1953 – Tony Carey, American-born rock keyboardist, producer (Rainbow, Planet P Project)
- 1953 – Al Sobotka, Zamboni driver
- 1954 – Stephen Mellor, American actor
- 1956 – John Chavis, American football coach
- 1958 – Tim Robbins, American actor, director, and writer
- 1958 – Eleftheria Arvanitaki, Greek singer
- 1959 – Gary Kemp, British musician and actor
- 1959 – Erkki-Sven Tüür, Estonian composer
- 1959 – Brian Harper, baseball player
- 1960 – Bob Mould, American musician
- 1961 – Randy Vasquez, American actor
- 1961 – Marc Levy, French novelist
- 1962 – Flea, Australian-born American musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
- 1962 – Manute Bol, Sudanese-born basketball player for the NBA
- 1962 – Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian baritone
- 1963 – Brendan Kibble, Australian musician
- 1965 – Steve Lamacq, British journalist and disc jockey
- 1967 – Davina McCall, British television presenter
- 1968 – Randall Batinkoff, American actor
- 1968 – Elsa Zylberstein, French actress
- 1969 – Roy Hargrove, American jazz trumpeter
- 1969 – Terri J. Vaughn, American actress
- 1969 – Wendy Wilson, American pop singer (Wilson Phillips)
- 1969 – Takao Ōmori, Japanese professional wrestler
- 1970 – Mehmet Scholl, German footballer
- 1970 – Kazuyuki Fujita, Japanese professional wrestler and mixed martial arts fighter
- 1971 – Chad Gray, American singer
- 1972 – Tomas Lindberg, Swedish musician (At the Gates)
- 1972 – Darius Kasparaitis, Russian Super League player
- 1972 – Kordell Stewart, American football player
- 1973 – Peter Polaco, American professional wrestler
- 1973 – David Unsworth, English professional footballer
- 1974 – Paul Kariya, Canadian hockey player
- 1975 – Kellie Martin, American actress
- 1975 – Brynjar Gunnarsson, Icelandic footballer
- 1975 – Jacques Kallis, South African cricketer
- 1976 – Ryan Fitzgerald, Australian football (AFL) player and media personality
- 1977 – John Mayer, American musician
- 1978 – Ethan Luck, American musician (The O.C. Supertones, Demon Hunter, Relient K)
- 1979 – Erin Brown, American actress, model, filmmaker, and musician
- 1980 – Sue Bird, American basketball player
- 1980 – Jeremy Jackson, American actor
- 1980 – Timana Tahu, Australian Rugby League player
- 1981 – Caterina Scorsone, Canadian actress
- 1981 – Anthony Reyes, American baseball player
- 1981 – Martin Halle, Danish footballer
- 1982 – Vincy Chan, Hong Kong singer
- 1982 – Frédéric Michalak, French rugby player
- 1983 – Jennifer Hurt, model
- 1984 – Trevor Blumas, Canadian actor
- 1984 – Melissa Lauren, French pornographic actress
- 1984 – Shayne Ward, UK singer
- 1985 – Casey Stoner, Australian motorcycle racer
- 1986 – Craig Pickering, British sprinter
- 1988 – Zoltán Stieber, Hungarian footballer
Deaths
- 1355 – Louis, King of Sicily, felled by the Black Death (b. 1337)
- 1553 – Lucas Cranach the Elder, German painter (b. 1472)
- 1555 – Hugh Latimer, English Protestant (martyred)
- 1555 – Nicholas Ridley, English Protestant (martyred)
- 1591 – Pope Gregory XIV (b. 1535)
- 1594 – William Cardinal Allen, English Catholic cardinal (b. 1532)
- 1621 – Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch composer (b. 1562)
- 1628 – François de Malherbe, French poet and critic (b. 1555)
- 1649 – Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter (b. 1621)
- 1655 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and music theorist (b. 1591)
- 1680 – Raimondo Montecuccoli, Italian-Austrian general
- 1750 – Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German composer and lutenist (b. 1687)
- 1755 – Saint Gerard Majella, Catholic saint (b. 1725)
- 1774 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (b. 1750)
- 1781 – Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, British naval officer (b. 1705)
- 1791 – Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin, Russian general and statesman (b. 1739)
- 1793 – Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (executed) (b. 1755)
- 1793 – John Hunter, eminent doctor and philosopher (b. 1728)
- 1796 – Victor Amadeus III of Savoy (b. 1726)
- 1810 – Nachman of Breslov, founder of Breslov Hasidut (b. 1772)
- 1822 – Eva Marie Veigel, Austrian ballet dancer (b. 1724)
- 1865 – Andrés Bello, Venezuelan poet, lawmaker, philosopher, and sociologist (b. 1781)
- 1877 – Theodore Barrière, French dramatist (b. 1823)
- 1888 – John Wentworth, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1815)
- 1893 – Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta, President of France (b. 1808)
- 1908 – Father Ignatius, a restorer of religious life in the Church of England (b. 1837)
- 1909 – Jakub Bart-Ćišinski, Sorbian writer (b. 1856)
- 1937 – Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (b. 1899)
- 1946 – Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:
- Hans Frank, German war criminal (b. 1900)
- Wilhelm Frick, German war criminal (b. 1877)
- Alfred Jodl, German military officer (b. 1890)
- Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Austrian SS officer (b. 1903)
- Wilhelm Keitel, German military officer (b. 1882)
- Joachim von Ribbentrop, German politician (b. 1893)
- Alfred Rosenberg, Nazi ideologist (b. 1893)
- Fritz Sauckel, German war criminal (b. 1894)
- Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian Nazi leader (b. 1892)
- Julius Streicher, German propagandist (b. 1887)
- 1952 – Syed Ghulam Bhik Nairang , A poet and a prominent Indian/Pakistani Muslim leader (b. 26 September 1876)
- 1956 – Jules Rimet, president of FIFA (b. 1873)
- 1959 – George Marshall, United States Secretary of State, Nobel laureate (b. 1880)
- 1962 – Gaston Bachelard, French philosopher and poet (b. 1884)
- 1964 – Patsy Callighen, Canadian Hockey Player (b. 1906)
- 1966 – George O'Hara, American actor (b. 1899)
- 1968 – Ellis Kinder, baseball player (b. 1914)
- 1972 – Hale Boggs, U.S. Congressman from Louisiana (b. 1914)
- 1972 – Leo G. Carroll, English actor (b. 1886)
- 1973 – Gene Krupa, American jazz drummer (b. 1909)
- 1974 – Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, noted Carnatic musician (b. 1895)
- 1978 – Dan Dailey, American actor (b. 1913)
- 1979 – Johan Borgen, Norwegian author (b. 1903)
- 1981 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli general (b. 1915)
- 1982 – Mario del Monaco, Italian tenor (b. 1915)
- 1983 – Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer (b. 1895)
- 1983 – Kelso, American racehorse (b. 1957)
- 1986 – Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist (b. 1921)
- 1989 – Cornel Wilde, American actor (b. 1915)
- 1990 – Jorge Bolet, Cuban-American classical pianist (b. 1914)
- 1990 – Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (b. 1919)
- 1992 – Shirley Booth, American actress (b. 1898)
- 1994 – Raúl Juliá, Puerto Rican actor (b. 1940)
- 1996 – Eric Malpass, English novelist (b. 1910)
- 1996 – Jason Bernard, American actor (b. 1938)
- 1997 – James Michener, American writer (b. 1907)
- 1997 – Audra Lindley, American actress (b. 1918)
- 1998 – Jon Postel, American Internet pioneer (b. 1943)
- 1999 – Jean Shepherd, American writer and actor (b. 1921)
- 2000 – Mel Carnahan, American politician (b. 1934)
- 2002 – Dawson family, American murder victims
- 2003 – Avni Arbas, Turkish artist (b. 1919)
- 2003 – Stu Hart, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1915)
- 2003 – László Papp, Hungarian boxer (b. 1926)
- 2004 – Pierre Salinger, John F. Kennedy's White House Press Secretary (b. 1925)
- 2005 – "Len" Dresslar, American singer and voice actor (b. 1925)
- 2005 – Eugene "Porky" Lee, American child actor (b. 1933)
- 2005 – David Reilly, American singer (God Lives Underwater) (b. 1971)
- 2005 – Ursula Howells, English actress (b. 1922)
- 2006 – Valentín Paniagua Corazao, Ex President of Peru (b. 1936)
- 2006 – John Murra, Ukranian-american anthropologist (b. 1916)
- 2006 – Ross Davidson, British actor (b. 1949)
- 2006 – Tommy Johnson, American tubist (b. 1935)
- 2006 – Lister Sinclair, Canadian broadcaster and playwright (b. 1921)
- 2007 – Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (b. 1921)
- 2007 – Toše Proeski, Macedonian music star and humanitarian (b. 1981)
- 2007 – Barbara West, Second to last living Titanic survivor (b. 1911)
Holidays and observances
External links
2009,10,07
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